Therapy-Related Acute Myeloid Leukemias

Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) is a heterogeneous group of myeloid neo‐ plasms occurring as an overwhelming complication in patients receiving previous cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy used to treat haematopoietic or solid malignancies or associated with immunosuppressive treatment for non-neoplastic rheumatologic/autoim‐ mune diseases or solid organ transplantation (Offman et al., 2004; Kwong, 2010). T-AML is an increasingly recognized condition included in the category of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms in the revised WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, together with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and myelodys‐ plastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, that constitute a unique clinical syndrome (Vardiman et al., 2009).